![]() Ptolemy also included the use of an equant, putting the Earth off center from orbits of the planets. As a result, the planet moves along both the deferent and and the epicycle, explaining retrograde motion (figure below). ![]() The deferent goes around the Earth while the epicycle makes a circle around the edge of the deferent. In this model, there are two paths in a planet's orbit around the Earth. His included many epicycles to explain retrograde motion. Ptolemy published his geocentric model around 140 CE. The engaged in retrograde motion (Chapter 2). They shifted their positions with respect to the fixed stars. The Sun, the Moon, and the so-called “fixed stars” all moved in predictable patterns, but the planets did not. ![]() The five known planets had vexed astronomers for centuries. Some astronomers even noticed some observations that the Ptolemaic model could not explain, such as the changes in the apparent brightness of Mars throughout the year. By this point, errors from Ptolemy’s Almagest had crept into his calculations and his predictions no longer matched with contemporary observations. Understand Conservation of Energy and Momentum and describe how the explain the motion of planetary bodies.Īs the Medieval Period gave way to the Renaissance, western scholars began to rediscover the writings of Ptolemy and other ancient Greeks.Describe Newton's Laws of Motion and Universal Grativation.Understand Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion.Describe the contributions of Tycho Brahe and Johannes Keple.Understand the Copernican Model of a heliocentric universe.Describe the period leading up the Copernican Revolution.
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